LRIT -2nd Mates (FG)- MMD Exam Solved Past Question Papers

zQ) With respect to LRIT: Provide what information is transmitted & Explain
when a contracting government can have a right to get these information.
(March-19)

Q) Write short notes on: LRIT (May-19, Sept-18, May-18, Nov-17, July-17, Nov-

16)

OR

What is the purpose of LRIT & How Data is transmitted (March-19, Jan-19,

Sept-17, March-17, Aug-16, July-16, Jan-16)

OR

Q) Long range and identification system. (Nov-18)

Ans:- LONG RANGE IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING (LRIT):-

PURPOSE OF LRIT:-

 The Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system is a designatedØ

International Maritime Organization (IMO) system designed to collect and

disseminate vessel position information received from IMO member States ships.

 The main purpose of the LRIT ship position reports is to enable a ContractingØ

Government to obtain ship identity and location information in sufficient time to

evaluate the security risk posed by a ship off its coast and to respond, if

necessary, to reduce any risks.

 The SOLAS regulation on LRIT establishes a multilateral agreement for sharingØ

LRIT information between SOLAS contracting governments for security and

search and rescue purposes. It maintains the right of flag states to protect

information about the ships entitled to fly their flag, where appropriate, while

allowing coastal states access to information about ships navigating off their

coasts.

 LRIT has also become an essential component of SAR operations and marineØ

environment protection.

 It is a satellite-based, real-time reporting mechanism providing almost worldwideØ

coverage (Inmarsat Coverage) that allows unique visibility to position reports of

vessels that would otherwise be invisible and potentially a threat.

CARRIAGE REQUIREMENT:- Ships in international voyages

- Passenger ships

- Cargo ships over 300 t

- Mobile platforms

Ships fitted with AIS and sailing in sea A1 areas do not need to transmit LRIT data.

INFORMATION TRANSMITTED:-

 Identity (Ship‟s LRIT Identifier)Ø

 Position (Lat/Long)Ø

 Date and time (UTC)Ø

UPDATE INTERVAL:-

 Default value 6 hourlyØ

 Update interval remotely selectableØ

 Minimum interval 15 minØ

 May be switched off by the Master under certain conditionsØ

THE LRIT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:

1. The ship borne LRIT information transmitting equipment

2. Communications Service Providers (CSPs)

3. Application Service Providers (ASPs)

4. LRIT Data Centres (DC), including any related Vessel Monitoring System(s) (VMSs)

5. The LRIT Data Distribution Plan (DDP)

6. The International LRIT Data Exchange (IDE), and,

7. LRIT Co-Ordinator

Q) Explain the following: Authorized receivers / users of LRIT (March-17)

Ans:- LRIT Data Centres:-

 The primary purposes of an LRIT Data Centre (DC) are to collect, store and make

available to authorised entities the LRIT information transmitted by ships

instructed by their administrations to utilise the services of that DC. In carrying

out these core functions, the DC is required to ensure that LRIT data users are

only provided with the LRIT information they are entitled to receive under the

terms of SOLAS Regulation V/19.1.

 In addition, the LRIT DC acts as a “clearing house” by receiving requests for LRIT

information lodged in other DCs from its associated Administration(s) and

obtaining the data requested. Generally LRIT reports so requested will be

exchanged through the International Data Exchange.

 LRIT Data Centers are required to archive their data so that the reports can be

recovered, if required, at a later date and the activities of the DC can be audited

by the LRIT Coordinator.

 LRIT DCs may make a charge for LRIT data they provide to other DCs.

 DCs may be either National (established to provide service to only one Contracting

Government); Cooperative (established to provide services to a number of

Contracting Governments) or Regional (established to provide services to a

number of Contracting Governments acting through a regional entity of some

kind). The IMO Performance Standard envisages also an International Data Centre

(IDC), to provide LRIT services on an international basis to many countries that do

not wish to establish their own DCs, but the IMO Maritime Safety Committee

(MSC) has not yet decided to establish such an IDC.

Q) Explain the following: Functions of LRIT National Data Centre (March-17)

Ans:- International LRIT Data Exchange:-

 The International LRIT Data Exchange (IDE) exists to route LRIT information

between LRIT DCs using the information provided in the LRIT Data Distribution

Plan. It is therefore connected via the internet to all LRIT DCs and the LRIT Data

Distribution Plan server.

 The IDE cannot access and does not archive the LRIT data itself, but it does

maintain a journal of message header information – which can be understood as

the “envelope” containing the LRIT information. This journal is used for invoicing

functions and for audit purposes.

 The performance of the IDE is audited by the LRIT Coordinator.

Q) How does LRIT differ from AIS? (Jan-16)

Ans:- Explanation:-

 AIS is a broadcast system and data is available to all receiver in the receiving

range whereas LRIT is available only to the authorized person.

 AIS works on the very high frequency, whereas LRIT is based on the satellite

system.

 AIS range is limited to the VHF range but LRIT range is worldwide.

 AIS DATA is not stored by any organization whereas LRIT data is stored and

available on demand.

 There is display for AIS ON BOARD but there is no display for LRIT on board the

ship.

Q) Compare the AIS & LRIT (Sept-19, Jan-19, July-18, March-18, Sept-17, March-
16)

Ans:-

LRIT	AIS
Satellite	VHF
Global	Only where AIS coverage is provided
Secure	Data Public Data
Position, IMO Number, Date Time	Position, IMO Number, Date Time, Vessel Type, Speed, Course
Unlimited range	Line of sight, up to 40NM
Flag State Owns Data	Anyone can see data
Maritime Security and Awareness	Navigation and Anti-collision Tool